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Sunday, December 25, 2011
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Tuesday, December 6, 2011
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Friday, December 2, 2011
LCD Backlighting For HDTV
LCD is winning the race to be the dominant display technology for HDTV. According to DisplaySearch, in 2007, the market for LCD (liquid crystal diode) TVs was estimated at .4 billion. LCD TV shipments rose a stronger than expected 52% year to year in the second quarter of 2008 to nearly 7.5 million units (79.8% of total HDTV sales).
The LCD screen on a LCD HDTV is a selective light filter. It does not in itself emit light, but selectively filters light passing through the display from the back. Most HDTVs include either a single sheet of luminescent plastic or sidelighting with fluorescent lamps to provide the backlight. Both techniques are difficult to control.
Many consumers focus on screen resolution when selecting a High Def (HDTV) system. Is this HDTV 720p, 1020i, or 1020p? However, when an expert group, the SMPTE (Society of Motion Pictures and Television Engineers), recently ranked the importance of screen resolution, it ranked fourth. The SMPTE ranked contrast ratio, color saturation, color temperature and grayscale ahead of screen resolution in importance. The Imaging Science Foundation reached a similar conclusion. Backlighting is the key component to improvement in contrast ratio and grayscale.
It is important that an LCD system allows for adjustment of the level of backlighting, and preferably, performs this function automatically. This will improve the contrast of the picture. Also, a reduced backlight level will also reduce power consumption and extend lamp life, as the power used and lamp lifetime is directly related to the backlight level. A lamp with a 50,000 hour lifetime at 6 milliamps may only have a 30,000 hour lifetime if the current is 7 milliamps, just 1 milliamp higher (Example: Sharp Electronics LCD Display).
Another important factor in the choice of backlighting is the consideration of "blur". Blur occurs when there is rapid motion in the programming, such as sports. When the picture changes quickly, the pixels can lag in response. Effective backlight engineering can reduce this significantly by strobing the backlighting, so that the individual pixels do not remain lit longer than needed. Examples of this technique include the Philips "Aptura" and the Samsung "LED Motion Plus".
Sidelighting
With sidelighting, the backlight is located in the back of the LCD panel, and to each side to create panel illumination. To make the light more uniform, a light diffuser is located between the lamps and the rear of the optical filter module. Most LCD systems that use sidelighting use cold cathode fluorescents (CCF) lamps. This technology provides a very bright white light. The lifetime of the lamps is usually between 10,000 to 20,000 hours (6-12 years at a rate of 5 hours of use per day).
The most important disadvantage is that the intensity of light cannot be varied locally, and sidelighting can look non-uniform. Some CCF lamps contain mercury. This is an ecological disadvantage.
The major drawbacks:
The intensity of light cannot be varied locally. This results in a lower contrast picture.
The light can be non-uniform.
Some CCF lamps contain mercury.
Conventional Backlighting
Most backlighting is performed with a single sheet of electroluminescent plastic. These panels can age (though improvements in this area have reduced this problem). Electroluminescent Panel backlighting uses colored phosphors to generate light. Displays using this technique can be thin and lightweight, and provide even light distribution.
The major drawbacks:
Limited life of 3,000 to 5,000 hours to half brightness (2-3 years at a rate of 5 hours of use per day).
The intensity of light cannot be varied locally.
LED Backlighting
LED backlighting uses a matrix of LEDs that can be controlled individually to offer very good control. In this configuration, a large number of LEDs are mounted uniformly behind the display. Brightness improvements in LEDs have made them more practical for backlighting. NEC pioneered this technique with their monitor, the 2180WG. Other companies, such as Samsung, have recently introduced versions of this technology. This should push prices down (the Samsung model cost less than 1/3 the price of a comparable NEC monitor).
This system offers local dimming technology and can achieve 1,000,000:1 dynamic contrast ratio. True actual black levels (the "Holy Grail" of LCD) are attainable by shutting off a pixel's light source. This can eliminate the grayish black picture typical of many LCD HDTVs. Groups of LEDs can be locally controlled to produce more light, increasing the brightness when necessary.
The problem with conventional white LEDs is that their spectrum is not ideal for photographic reproduction because they are basically blue LEDs with a yellow phosphor on top. Their color spectrum has two peaks, one at blue and another at yellow. White LEDs that are based on a group of red, green and blue LEDs are ideal for the RGB color filters of an LCD and can result in the most saturated colors. Sony's "Triluminos" LED backlight system is an example of this technique.
Sometimes, these HDTVs have a row of LEDs across the top and bottom of the display. This improves the brightness and color reproduction, and enables almost complete uniformity across the display.
LED backlights are much more efficient that alternative techniques. And since the LED backlight waste less energy, less heat is generated, that must be managed with air conditioning. LED backlights offer a long operating lifetime of more than 50,000 hours (more than 25 years of use at a rate of 5 hours a day).
LED backlit systems may not show well in a typical retail environment. Typically, the screens are somewhat reflective in order to achieve the high contrast ratio, and subsequently, a brightly lit showroom may not flatter this technology. In a more typical less-lit environment, this problem should not be as noticeable.
Engineering Concerns
The electrical engineering is simpler with LED backlights. Cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCF) require high AC voltages (1,500 VAC) at startup, and operating voltages of 700 VAC or more. When the lamp is new it may take much less voltage to start, but with age the voltage requirements usually increase, complicating a designer's problem. An electroluminescent panel requires a voltage of about 100 VAC @ 400 Hertz.
A power inverter (to generate VAC) is needed for both CCF and electroluminescent panels to operate with a DC power supply. This is a significant expense, in cost, size, and weight of the system. The best inverter for this application permits the output voltage to automatically increase as the lamps age, extending the useful life of the lamps.
LCD systems with LED backlighting utilize low voltage DC, usually 12 or 24 VDC. This results in a smaller, simpler, and more reliable system. LED backlit systems must be well cooled or their performance can suffer. The LEDs generate less heat than CCF lamps, but the heat is very concentrated. Operating at high temperatures reduces the LED lifetime and shifts their light spectrum, while reducing output luminance.
OLED
A new technology that you will be hearing about in the future is Organic LED (OLED). This technology has a completely different backlight technology, it doesn't need one. Because of this, they draw much less power. And because there is no backlight, an OLED system has a larger viewing angle than an LED system. An OLED display is much thinner than an LCD display. The response time for OLED is faster than normal LCD screens. An average of 8 to 12 milliseconds in response time is normal for a LCD compared to 0.01 milliseconds in response time for an OLED.
Sony introduced an 11" HDTV at the Consumer Electronics Show in Vegas. The new 11" Sony TV is called the "XEL-1". It's very thin (1/10") and currently sells for 00. Samsung demonstrated a 31" OLED HDTV with 1080P resolution at a tradeshow in Asia in November. LG, Toshiba, Matsushita (Panasonic), and others are investing hundreds of millions of dollars, developing this extremely promising technology. Toshiba has plans to sell a 30" OLED display in 2009. Samsung has announced they will sell large screen OLED HDTVs in 2010.
OLED displays have already been used for some time in digital cameras, cell phones and other devices with relatively small panels, because they are very energy efficient, which is very important in portable devices.
In theory, OLED displays can be more inexpensively manufactured than LCD or plasma displays, meaning that they should not be as expensive. Remember that the first large LCD and Plasma displays were much more expensive when they were first introduced.
Summary
LCD HDTVs and monitors with LED array backlighting are now the approach of choice because they exhibit better image quality while saving power. The ability to locally control light output is key to achieving high contrast ratios.
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Monday, November 28, 2011
High Brightness LED Projector Lamps Market Debut - Environmentally Friendly and Mercury Free
By necessity projector manufacturers have used high pressure mercury containing projection lamps to achieve adequate projector brightness (ANSI lumens). Over recent years, manufacturers have been able to greatly reduce the amount of mercury used but, not eliminate it. Unfortunately, high pressure (200 atmospheres or more) mercury lamps remain a danger to consumers if mishandled upon replacement and to the environment if not disposed of correctly.
Recycling facilities can recover the mercury and achieve a recycling rate of up to 97 percent. Realizing the problem, some projector manufacturers, such as Epson, have set up their own recycling programs. However, despite legislative measures in many countries, most mercury containing bulbs end up in landfill. Disposal in this fashion can result in the release of mercury into the environment and contamination of the food chain. Considering that the EPA have mercury as the most hazardous metal on the list of industrial pollutants (potent neurotoxin to humans), this is not a good outcome.
Fortunately, a solution is on hand in the form of Luminus Devices, PhlatLight technology, a new solid state light source combining both LED and laser technologies. This new lighting technology is 100 percent free of hazardous materials including mercury and lead (RoHS compliant). There are further environmental (and financial) benefits to using this new projection lighting technology including lower power consumption and vastly longer lamp life of up to 60,000 hours (which is realistically the lifetime of a projector) compared to about 2,000 to 3,000 for current high pressure mercury lamps.
Because of limited achievable brightness levels, the first PhlatLight LED-based projectors have been ultra-portable pocket projectors such as the recently released Optoma EP-PK-101 Pico Pocket Projector. PhlatLight LED chipsets such as the January 2009 released PT-121 and the PT-120 are now capable of brightness levels of up to 3000 ANSI lumens which is suitable for home theatre projectors and most business projector applications. The PT-120 and all other PhlatLight chipsets can be used with the DLP, LCoS and LCD micro-displays commonly used in projectors.
In January, Luminus Devices announced the consumer market release of the first full HD (1080p) DLP projector, the Delta Electronics HT-8000, based on its PhlatLight PT-120 LED chipset. If you are looking for a new projector, keep a lookout for this new technology as it can be expected that many new models will be released throughout 2009.
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Saturday, November 26, 2011
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Tuesday, November 22, 2011
How Does an LED TV Work?
Simply put, an LED television and an LCD television are one and the same thing. The difference between a standard LCD television and an LED model lies in the method of backlighting. Normal LCD screens are built by sealing a layer of liquid crystal in between two glass panels. Behind this are a series of Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps - CCFL - that project light through the crystal polymer. When a controlled current is run through the crystals, they either add colour to the light, or block it out completely. In LED televisions, the CCFL lighting is replaced by a sequence of LEDs. As they are much smaller than CCFL lights, televisions that are LED-backlit can be made much thinner and lighter than regular LCD models. Some are even under an inch thick! LED televisions are also capable of greatly increased dynamic contrast - the ratio of difference between black and white - use less power, and are more environmentally friendly when disposed of.
However, the differences don't end here. Currently there are two commonly used methods of LED backlighting, known as Edge LEDs and RGB Dynamic. Each has advantages and drawbacks, so if you're thinking of buying an LCD television, it's good to know what each method has to offer. In RGB Dynamic models, a sequence of red, green and blue LED lights are positioned behind the screen. When an image is displayed featuring dark colours, the LEDs in that area are dimmed while the intensity of the colour is increased. As a result, televisions with RGB Dynamic backlighting have higher Dynamic Contrast ratios than any other LCD model, although they are still second to plasma technology when it comes to 'true' blacks. The downside of this method is a loss of fine detail on small, bright objects that appear against a dark background - an image of a night sky is a good example.
By contrast, the Edge LED method is a completely different kettle of fish. This type of backlighting involves the placement of white LED lights around the outside edge of the screen. A light-diffusing panel is then placed behind the screen, which compensates for the lack of light coming from the centre. Edge LED backlighting is not capable of the same Dynamic Contrast ratios offered by the RGB Dynamic method, because it can't dim the backlight as precisely in a localised area. However, it is the cheaper of the two methods, and televisions carrying this technology are some of the thinnest and lightest on the market, making them extremely easy to wall mount.
So there you have it - there are pros and cons to LED backlighting, just as there are pros and cons to LCD and plasma flat screen TVs [http://www.panasonic.co.uk/html/en_GB/Products/Viera+Flat+Screen+TV/Plasma+TV/Plasma+TV+Overview/2525930/index.html]. Both LED methods are currently quite expensive, so don't expect to find them in any budget range televisions for the time being. However, with technological breakthroughs occurring all the time, it probably won't be long before LED backlighting becomes yet another industry standard.
Friday, November 18, 2011
How to Choose the Best Replacement Toshiba Projector Lamps
The lamp is the integral part of any projector, so this is one area you can't afford to skimp on - although it doesn't have to be as expensive as you might think. Original Toshiba projector lamps are precision made to exacting standards - currently, there are only four or five manufacturers worldwide making high quality projector bulbs - so it makes sense to purchase one recommended by the manufacturer, rather than a cheap and inferior copy.
If this makes you balk, you can make substantial savings by buying your Toshiba projector lamps online, from a supplier endorsed by Toshiba. To bring costs down further, these same suppliers often sell duplicate lamps as well as manufacturer's originals. These are not always inferior products; they can be as good as the real thing, but use different materials (such as the housing, packaging etc). The important part - the bulb - will either be a Toshiba original, or a top quality alternative from a manufacturer such as Osram or Phillips.
The things to look out for are suspiciously cheap "Toshiba projector lamps" packaged to look like the original and delivered from a foreign supplier. On closer inspection, these lamps are often fake and have not passed the rigorous quality controls imposed upon genuine alternatives. They are illegal, and often dangerous; nobody wants to have a mercury vapour bulb explode in their face. Yet this is what can happen if you buy projector bulbs from a disreputable source.
Of course, you can't "see before you buy" online, which is why it's so important to only use sites endorsed to sell the original product. If they also sell replica projector lamps, these should be clearly packaged to reflect this fact and you should always get a full guarantee and "no quibble" returns policy, whichever brand you choose.
When you see how projector lamps are made, it's easy to see why they're so dear. This is not a high yield, bulk-consumable product. Mercury vapour bulbs are designed to last a long time, and replacements have a finite lifespan (owing to the possibility of loss of pressure over time, leading to a duller output). Consumer demand is therefore quite low, meaning Toshiba projector lamps are made in relatively small batches. The machinery is very expensive, and since it is used throughout the entire Toshiba range it must be carefully reset and recalibrated for each batch. The process uses exotic raw materials, such as quartz glass and mercury. It is also extremely labour intensive, with a team of specialist scientists and engineers overseeing quality control, calibration and more.
Toshiba projector lamps are sold as a sealed unit, complete with the housing and lens. Replacement of the ARC bulb alone is a highly specialised process and outside the realm of DIY. In fact, the housings are made so they can't be dismantled. There are numerous reasons for this - the main one being safety. The arc tube is sealed with mercury vapour at ultra-high pressure. Mercury is essentially hazardous, as is exploding glass. Buying bulbs in sealed units ensures safety of both user and machine. It also ensures that Toshiba projector lamps run 100% efficiently, with efficient wiring and a scratch-free reflector.
Whether you choose to buy the Toshiba original or a reputable copy is up to you.
Friday, November 11, 2011
How to Replace the Lamp (Bulb) on a Sony Wega TV
Sunday, November 6, 2011
Voltexmotoring Honda Accord Twin Black Halo Projector Headlight Head Lamp with 6000k Slim Xenon HID Kit Pair New Set
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Post Date : Nov 06, 2011 17:15:14 | Usually ships in 1-2 business days
These are a pair of 100% brand new projector head lights made by OEM approved & ISO certified manufacturers that has over 10 years lighting manufacturing experience. Comes as left and right side. These headlights are excellent for enhance the style of your vehicle. If your stock light's are broken or color faded out, these lights are good for repairing purpose too, because you can compare the price of our products with the OEM parts, you will find out that our products are more affordable and more stylish. Installation is straightforward, direct bolt on except for the halo/LED need wiring connection. Light bulbs are included with some head lights package, otherwise stock light bulbs can be used for installation.
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Thursday, November 3, 2011
Wednesday, October 26, 2011
Electrified ELPLP33 / V13H010L33 Replacement Lamp with Housing for Epson Projectors
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- BRAND NEW REPLACEMENT LAMP WITH HOUSING
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Electrified ELPLP33 / V13H010L33 Replacement Lamp with Housing for Epson Projectors
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